Application of cell-free transcription and translation system in CRISPR technologies and the associated biosensors / 生物工程学报

Cell-free transcription and translation (TXTL) system is a cell extract-based system for rapid in vitro protein expression. The system bypasses routine laboratory processes such as bacterial transformation, clonal screening and cell lysis, which allows more precise and convenient control of reaction substrates, reduces the impact of bacteria on protein production, and provides a high degree of versatility and flexibility. In recent years, TXTL has been widely used as an emerging platform in clusterd regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technologies, enabling more rapid and convenient characterization of CRISPR/Cas systems, including screening highly specific gRNAs as well as anti-CRISPR proteins. Furthermore, TXTL-based CRISPR biosensors combined with biological materials and gene circuits are able to detect pathogens through validation of related antibiotics and nucleic acid-based markers, respectively. The reagents can be freeze-dried to improve portability and achieve point-of-care testing with high sensitivity. In addition, combinations of the sensor with programmable circuit elements and other technologies provide a non-biological alternative to whole-cell biosensors, which can improve biosafety and accelerate its application for approval. Here, this review discusses the TXTL-based characterization of CRISPR and their applications in biosensors, to facilitate the development of TXTL-based CRISPR/Cas systems in biosensors.

Connexin 43-modified bone marrow stromal cells reverse the imatinib resistance of K562 cells via Ca 2+ -dependent gap junction intercellular communication / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance is an emerging problem for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous studies found that connexin 43 (Cx43) deficiency in the hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) protects minimal residual disease (MRD), but the mechanism remains unknown.@*METHODS@#Immunohistochemistry assays were employed to compare the expression of Cx43 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in bone marrow (BM) biopsies of CML patients and healthy donors. A coculture system of K562 cells and several Cx43-modified bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was established under IM treatment. Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and other indicators of K562 cells in different groups were detected to investigate the function and possible mechanism of Cx43. We assessed the Ca 2+ -related pathway by Western blotting. Tumor-bearing models were also established to validate the causal role of Cx43 in reversing IM resistance.@*RESULTS@#Low levels of Cx43 in BMs were observed in CML patients, and Cx43 expression was negatively correlated with HIF-1α. We also observed that K562 cells cocultured with BMSCs transfected with adenovirus-short hairpin RNA of Cx43 (BMSCs-shCx43) had a lower apoptosis rate and that their cell cycle was blocked in G0/G1 phase, while the result was the opposite in the Cx43-overexpression setting. Cx43 mediates gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) through direct contact, and Ca 2+ is the key factor mediating the downstream apoptotic pathway. In animal experiments, mice bearing K562, and BMSCs-Cx43 had the smallest tumor volume and spleen, which was consistent with the in vitro experiments.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cx43 deficiency exists in CML patients, promoting the generation of MRD and inducing drug resistance. Enhancing Cx43 expression and GJIC function in the HM may be a novel strategy to reverse drug resistance and promote IM efficacy.

Guidelines for Ethical Review Entrustment Contract of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans / 中国医学伦理学

The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.

Amide proton transfer-weighted MRI of cervical squamous carcinoma: correlation with Ki-67 proliferation status / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) values and Ki-67 labeling index of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:From October 2017 to December 2018, 24 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ] were prospectively enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and underwent pelvic morphological MRI on a 3.0 T MR scanner, including three-dimensional turbo-spin-echo APTw imaging and DWI. The maximum diameters of the lesions, APTw values and ADC values on the slice with the maximum diameter of the lesion were independently measured by two radiologists. The ICC was computed to evaluate the inter-observer consistency. Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression status was assessed by one pathologist. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the APTw values, maximum diameters, ADC values and Ki-67 labeling index.Results:The APTw values of cervical squamous cell carcinoma were (2.9±0.5)%. Inter-observer ICC was 0.972 (95%CI 0.937-0.988). The APTw values were positively moderately correlated with Ki-67 labeling index [(61.9±18.7)%, r=0.532, P=0.008]. The maximum diameters of the lesions were (28.7±10.6) mm. The mean ADC values were (0.998±0.217)×10 -3 mm 2/s. No correlations were found between maximum diameters, ADC values and Ki-67 labeling index ( r=0.038, P=0.859; r=0.238, P=0.263). Conclusion:APTw values can partially reveal the proliferation status of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

T2WI female pelvic MRI using the MultiVane XD technique at 3.0 T in uterine adenomyosis and fibroids: a preliminary study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To explore the application value of 3.0 T MultiVane XD (MVXD) technique in female patients with uterine adenomyosis and fibroids.@*Methods@#Patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids with ultrasound and suspected of adenomyosis were involved prospectively from March to May 2018, 3.0 T pelvic MRI examinations were performed during peri-ovulatory period. Axialconventional turbo spin echo (TSE) T2WI, axial MVXD T2WI, sagittal conventional TSE T2WI and MVXD sagittal T2WI were acquired. Two observers rated those 4 series in the aspects of sharpness of uterine border, motion artifacts, identification capability of lesions, confidence of diagnosis and overall image quality. Cohen Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency of scores between 2 observers. Scores of TSE T2WI and MVXD T2WI qualities were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.@*Results@#Twenty patients were enrolled. Axial conventional TSE T2WI, axial MVXD T2WI were aquired on all of them. Sagittal conventional TSE T2WI, sagittal MVXD T2WI were aquired on 19 among them. Nine patients had only obvious adenomyosis, 6 had only uterinefibroids, and 5 had adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Compared to conventional TSE technique, scores of two observers in the sharpness of uterine border, motion artifacts, and overall image quality is higher by MVXD with significant difference (P<0.05). The Kappa values for image quality scores of two observers ranged from 0.615 to 0.971, the agreement was good or very good.@*Conclusion@#Applying MVXD T2WI technique to patients with uterine fibroids and adenomyosiscould improve image quality, without sacrificing the ability to recognize and diagnose lesions, compared to conventional TSE T2WI technique.

The effects of ApoE epsilon4 alleles on cognitive function and resting-state functional MRI in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of ApoE epsilon4 (ApoE-ε4) alleles on cognitive function and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI) based on a prospective cohort study.@*Methods@#An average of 20 months of prospective observations were conducted on 16 ApoE-ε4-carriers and 24 non-carriers of aMCI. Neuropsychological assessments and rs-fMRI data were collected at both baseline and follow-up. All participants were assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests and underwent rs-fMRI. Two core regions of the default mode network (DMN), the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), were selected as seeds to calculate the functional connectivity. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of ApoE genotype(ε4-carriers, nonε4-carriers), interval and the interaction between these two factors for functional connectivity extracted from changed region found by t-test.Conversion rates of dementia were compared between ApoE-ε4-carriers and nonε4-carriers at follow-up using Chi-square test. For the comparison of functional connectivity and clinical data between ApoE-ε4-carriers and nonsε4-carriers in baseline and follow-up, the normal distribution test was carried out first. If the normal distribution was fitted, the two-sample t test was used, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used. Finally, the general linear model was used to assess the relationships between alterations in functional connectivity and in neuropsychological assessments as well as the interaction effect.@*Results@#(1)Significant decline in memory domains were found in ApoE-ε4-carriers as compared to non-carriers at both baseline and follow-up. The ApoE-ε4-carriers (14/16) presented a higher conversation rate than non-carriers(13/24, χ2=4.862, P=0.027) at follow-up. (2)Functional imaging analysis revealed that ApoE-ε4-carriers exhibited significantly higher functional connectivity between the left PCC and the left angular (ApoE-ε4-carriers: 0.23±0.11, non-carriers: -0.03±0.13, t=4.800, cluster size: 1 944 mm3, P=0.004), and between the left mPFC and the left angular (ApoE-ε4-carriers: 0.33±0.21, non-carriers: 0.08±0.18, t=5.040, cluster size:1 836 mm3, P=0.006) as compared to non-carriers at follow-up. We detected significant effect for the interaction interval by ApoE-ε4 on functional connectivity between the left angular and the left PCC (F=10.833, P=0.002)as well as the left mPFC (F=7.280, P=0.010). (3)The alteration of functional connectivity value between the left mPFC and the left angular in ApoE-ε4-carriers was positively correlated with the changes ofimmediate memory (r=0.692, P=0.018). The correlation was not statistically significant in ApoE-ε4-noncarriers (r=-0.198, P=0.417) and the integration effect was significant (F=8.632, P=0.006).@*Conclusions@#The ApoE-ε4 actually accelerates the deterioration of cognitive function in aMCI patients and carriers presented relatively reserved functional connectivity between the left angular and other core regions within DMN, which indicated the disruption of functional connectivity may be one of the underline mechanisms of ApoE-ε4 during AD process.

Interpretation of subjective cognitive decline characteristics published in Lancet Neurology / 中华神经科杂志

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is an incurable disease in the field of major chronic diseases. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a clinical risk factor for AD. The standardized screening and intervention in individuals with SCD are of great importance in early prevention and treatment of AD. According to the clinical criteria proposed by The characterisation of subjective cognitive decline, which was published online in Lancet Neurology, the article summarized the definition of SCD, the latest perspective of clinical standards in SCD, and the results of AD preclinical SCD research. The purpose of this work was to provide concrete guidance and recommendations for making clinical decisions in diagnosis and scientific research on SCD.

The effects of ApoE epsilon4 alleles on cognitive function and resting-state functional MRI in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of ApoE epsilon4 (ApoE-ε4) alleles on cognitive function and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI) based on a prospective cohort study.Methods:An average of 20 months of prospective observations were conducted on 16 ApoE-ε4-carriers and 24 non-carriers of aMCI. Neuropsychological assessments and rs-fMRI data were collected at both baseline and follow-up. All participants were assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests and underwent rs-fMRI. Two core regions of the default mode network (DMN), the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), were selected as seeds to calculate the functional connectivity. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of ApoE genotype(ε4-carriers, nonε4-carriers), interval and the interaction between these two factors for functional connectivity extracted from changed region found by t-test.Conversion rates of dementia were compared between ApoE-ε4-carriers and nonε4-carriers at follow-up using Chi-square test. For the comparison of functional connectivity and clinical data between ApoE-ε4-carriers and nonsε4-carriers in baseline and follow-up, the normal distribution test was carried out first. If the normal distribution was fitted, the two-sample t test was used, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used. Finally, the general linear model was used to assess the relationships between alterations in functional connectivity and in neuropsychological assessments as well as the interaction effect. Results:(1)Significant decline in memory domains were found in ApoE-ε4-carriers as compared to non-carriers at both baseline and follow-up. The ApoE-ε4-carriers (14/16) presented a higher conversation rate than non-carriers(13/24, χ 2=4.862, P=0.027) at follow-up. (2)Functional imaging analysis revealed that ApoE-ε4-carriers exhibited significantly higher functional connectivity between the left PCC and the left angular (ApoE-ε4-carriers: 0.23±0.11, non-carriers: -0.03±0.13, t=4.800, cluster size: 1 944 mm 3, P=0.004), and between the left mPFC and the left angular (ApoE-ε4-carriers: 0.33±0.21, non-carriers: 0.08±0.18, t=5.040, cluster size:1 836 mm 3, P=0.006) as compared to non-carriers at follow-up. We detected significant effect for the interaction interval by ApoE-ε4 on functional connectivity between the left angular and the left PCC ( F=10.833, P=0.002)as well as the left mPFC ( F=7.280, P=0.010). (3)The alteration of functional connectivity value between the left mPFC and the left angular in ApoE-ε4-carriers was positively correlated with the changes ofimmediate memory ( r=0.692, P=0.018). The correlation was not statistically significant in ApoE-ε4-noncarriers ( r=-0.198, P=0.417) and the integration effect was significant ( F=8.632, P=0.006). Conclusions:The ApoE-ε4 actually accelerates the deterioration of cognitive function in aMCI patients and carriers presented relatively reserved functional connectivity between the left angular and other core regions within DMN, which indicated the disruption of functional connectivity may be one of the underline mechanisms of ApoE-ε4 during AD process.

T 2WI female pelvic MRI using the MultiVane XD technique at 3.0 T in uterine adenomyosis and fibroids: a preliminary study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of 3.0 T MultiVane XD (MVXD) technique in female patients with uterine adenomyosis and fibroids.Methods:Patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids with ultrasound and suspected of adenomyosis were involved prospectively from March to May 2018, 3.0 T pelvic MRI examinations were performed during peri-ovulatory period. Axialconventional turbo spin echo (TSE) T 2WI, axial MVXD T 2WI, sagittal conventional TSE T 2WI and MVXD sagittal T 2WI were acquired. Two observers rated those 4 series in the aspects of sharpness of uterine border, motion artifacts, identification capability of lesions, confidence of diagnosis and overall image quality. Cohen Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency of scores between 2 observers. Scores of TSE T 2WI and MVXD T 2WI qualities were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. Results:Twenty patients were enrolled. Axial conventional TSE T 2WI, axial MVXD T 2WI were aquired on all of them. Sagittal conventional TSE T 2WI, sagittal MVXD T 2WI were aquired on 19 among them. Nine patients had only obvious adenomyosis, 6 had only uterinefibroids, and 5 had adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Compared to conventional TSE technique, scores of two observers in the sharpness of uterine border, motion artifacts, and overall image quality is higher by MVXD with significant difference ( P<0.05). The Kappa values for image quality scores of two observers ranged from 0.615 to 0.971, the agreement was good or very good. Conclusion:Applying MVXD T 2WI technique to patients with uterine fibroids and adenomyosiscould improve image quality, without sacrificing the ability to recognize and diagnose lesions, compared to conventional TSE T 2WI technique.

Clinical Application and Mechanical Analysis of the Treatment of Multiple Rib Fractures and Flail Chest Using Three-wings Rib Plate / 中国医疗器械杂志

This research evaluated the clinical efficacy of three-wings rib plate in the treatment of multiple rib fractures and flail chest with mechanical analysis and clinical verification. The model of rib and three-wings rib plate was reconstructed. The contact simulation with pretension stress was applied to the plate's fixation, and it was found that the bearable stress of the rib fractures after fixation increased from the result which indicated a good fixation efficacy of the plate. Clinical data of 53 cases of rib fractures and flail chest treated with three-wings rib plate in Shanghai Pudong Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. After the operation, the pain of the patients was relieved. Postoperative CT reconstruction of the chest showed good restoration of the rib fractures, which verified the clinical efficacy of three-wings rib plate. The three-wings rib plate showed a high value in clinical use for treatment of rib fractures.

Correlation between cyberbullying and suicidal behavior in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To to describe the prevalence of cyberbullying and its relation with suicide among college students in Taiyuan,and to provide scientific basis for promoting the physical and mental health of teenagers.@*Methods@#Using the method of multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 4 012 people were randomly selected from 2 colleges (departments) in sophomore and junior years of 6 universities in Shanxi Province during May to Jul.2018, and the survey contents included basic demographic characteristics, internet usage, cyber bullying, and suicide behavior.@*Results@#The total report rate of cyberbullying among college students was 19.42%, among which the report rates of cyberbullying vicitimization cyberbullying and both cyberbulling penetration and victimization were 1.60%,11.49％ and 6.16％(247/4 012), respectively.The overall reported rate of suicidal behavior was 10.87%(436/4 012).Logistic analysis indicated that cyberbullying victimization,as well as cyberbulling penetration and victimization were risk factors for suicidal behavior（OR=1.82，2.97，P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Cyberbullying behaviors of college students, especially those who suffer from cyberbullying or the simultaneous implementation and suffering of cyberbullying, may increase the risk of suicide. Therefore, while reducing the occurrence of cyberbullying, we should pay more attention to the mental health of students suffering from cyberbullying and reduce the occurrence of health-risk behaviors such as suicide.

Relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicide ideation of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicide ideation of college students,so as to provide basis for physical and mental health of college students.@*Methods@#Students from 6 universities in Shanxi Province(3 854 college students provided eligible questionniare for childhood abuse and 3 882 for suicidal ideation) were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling from May to July 2018, the Chinese Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale were used in the survey.@*Results@#Of all subjects,42.4% had at least one kind of abuse experience in childhood and 3.9% had suicidal ideation in the past week. By chi square test,the detection rate of suicidal ideation of college students who suffered physical abuse,emotional abuse,sexual abuse,physical neglect,emotional neglect in childhood was higher than that of college students without maltreatment (χ2=13.78，12.97，17.10，56.56，66.58，P<0.01)；Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between each type of maltreatment in childhood and college students’ suicidal ideation(r=0.06，0.06，0.07，0.12，0.13，P<0.01)；Multivariate Logistic regression model found that after controlling other influencing factors,physical neglect and emotional neglect in childhood were independent risk factors for suicide ideation of college students (OR=2.18,2.07,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Physical neglect and emotional neglect in childhood can increase the risk of college students’ suicidal ideation. Paying enough attention and care to them in early childhood may help to prevent their suicidal ideation in adulthood.

Correlation between experience of childhood abuse and implementing cyberbullying in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between childhood abuse and cyberbullying among college students and to provide theoretical support for early intervention of cyberbullying among college students.@*Methods@#A total of 3 850 sophomores and juniors from 6 universities in Shanxi Province, randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling method, were investigated by using the Questionnaire on Cyberbullying and the Chinese Version of the Child Abuse Questionnaire.@*Results@#Male students reported higher rates of sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect than female students(χ2=5.22, 4.39, 7.53 P<0.05). The child abuse report rate of college students whose parents divorced was higher than that of those whose parents were not divorced(χ2=86.80, 134.06, 130.18, 175.64, 118.46，P<0.05). In addition to physical neglect, childhood abuse rate of only children was higher than that of non-only children, with statistically significant differences(χ2=9.44, 12.44, 21.18, 21.26, all P<0.05). The scores of all factors and total scores of cyberbullying implemented by male students were higher than those by female students(t=9.35, 5.59, 5.83, 7.57，P<0.05); the scores of all factors and total scores of cyberbullying implemented by only-child students were higher than those by non-only-child students(t=2.79, 3.74, 4.78, 4.40，P<0.05); the scores of all factors and total scores of cyberbullying implemented by students whose parents were divorced were higher than those by students whose parents were not divorced, with statistically significant differences(t=6.99,6.78, 8.04，11.33, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression model showed that there was a positive correlation between the childhood abuse of college students and the implementation of cyberbullying, and regression coefficient differences of all factors were statistically significant(β=0.10, 0.11, 0.05, 10.08,0.06, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse experiences increase the risk of college students practicing cyberbullying.

Application of skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery to coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate short-term clinical outcomes of skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery (sBIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods    The clinical data of 62 patients (54 males and 8 females with an average age of 56.8±6.0 years) undergoing isolated CABG using sBIMA in our hospital from October 2016 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The coronary graft flow, perioperative clinical outcomes and CT results were reviewed. Results    All the operations were carried out under extracorporeal circulation. Anastomosis of 124 internal mammary arteries was performed and 116 great saphenous veins were used simultaneously with an average anastomosis site of 4.5±0.8 for each patient. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 116.4±22.9 min, aortic clamping time was 83.0±18.3 min, mechanical ventilation time was 20.8±21.3 h and ICU stay was 2.7±1.7 d. The graft flow of left internal mammary artery (LIMA), right internal mammary artery (RIMA) and great saphenous vein were 28.8±12.4 mL/min, 32.8±13.8 mL/min and 41.5±21.5 mL/min, respectively. There was no significant difference in the graft flow between LIMA and RIMA (P=0.112). There was no perioperative mortality, myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. Only one male patient suffered sternal complication and poor wound healing and then received debridement as well as suturing. Coronary CT angiography showed that distal anastomosis of 7 vein grafts and 5 artery grafts was demonstrated shallow and 1 vein graft was undemonstrated, suggesting occlusion. Conclusion    CABG with sBIMA is a safe and reliable technique with excellent early results.

The research of sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

With the extensive use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), some breast cancer patients could avoid axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and its complications. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays an important role in the multimodality therapies of breast cancer. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, some patients with breast cancer were down-staged from positive axillary lymph node (cN+ ) to clinically negative (cN0). For these patients, the feasibility and safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy remains controversial. However, with the application of new technologies, SLNB is expected to become the main treatment for breast cancer patients with stage cN0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Efficiency of mammography detection system based on deep learning for breast suspicious calcifications / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To observe the efficiency of mammography detection system based on deep learning (DL) for breast suspicious calcifications. Methods: Standard cranio-caudal (CC) and medio-lateral oblique (MLO) view breast images of 932 women were interpreted by two junior radiologists and the DL system, respectively. Then the results were reviewed by a senior radiologist. The sensitivities of the two junior radiologists and DL model were compared. Then two-way tests were used to annalyze differences under different BI-RADS categories, morphologies and distributions. Results: There were 274 suspicious calcifications in the ground truth from 932 cases (3 728 images). The sensitivity of two junior radiologists and DL system was 76.64% (210/274), 82.12% (225/274) and 99.64% (273/274), respectively. No significant difference of the DL system was found under different morphologies, distributions and BI-RADS categories (all P>0.05), while for the junior radiologists, the sensitivities of amorphous or grouped calcifications were significantly lower than of the others (both P<0.05). Conclusion: The automatic mammography suspicious calcification detection system based on DL show promising sensitivities and robustness, which may help radiologists to reduce the missing of suspicious calcifications.

Emerging roles of ozone in skin diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Ozone was discovered in the mid-nineteenth century and is proven to have many therapeutic effects, including its common application as a disinfectant to kill microorganisms in various conditions. Ozone therapies have been utilized for various purposes ever since it was discovered. Extensive studies over a century have verified its therapeutic effects, consistency, and safety with minimal and preventable side effects in medical care. Emerging evidence revealed that ozone also plays important roles in the management and prevention of various skin disorders including infectious skin diseases, skin related allergic diseases, erythema scaly diseases, wound healing and ulcer recovery. Herein, the author now summarizes the recent clinical applications of ozone therapy in dermatology and provide commentary on what we have learned in our practice. Our focuses are the efficacy and safety of ozone therapies as well as the application prospects of ozone on various skin disorders. In addition, the author discusses the potential mechanisms involved in ozone therapy and the efforts we should make for.

Emerging roles of ozone in skin diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Ozone was discovered in the mid-nineteenth century and is proven to have many therapeutic effects,including its common application as a disinfectant to kill microorganisms in various conditions.Ozone therapies have been utilized for various purposes ever since it was discovered.Extensive studies over a century have verified its therapeutic effects,consistency,and safety with minimal and preventable side effects in medical care.Emerging evidence revealed that ozone also plays important roles in the management and prevention of various skin disorders including infectious skin diseases,skin related allergic diseases,erythema scaly diseases,wound healing and ulcer recovery.Herein,the author now summarizes the recent clinical applications of ozone therapy in dermatology and provide commentary on what we have learned in our practice.Our focuses are the efficacy and safety of ozone therapies as well as the application prospects of ozone on various skin disorders.In addition,the author discusses the potential mechanisms involved in ozone therapy and the efforts we should make for.

Outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic bipolar epicardial radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic bipolar radio-frequency ablation in the treatment of isolated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.Methods From September 2010 to December 2016,Seventy-two consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic bipolar radio-frequency ablation at Fuwai Hospital.There were 50 males and 22 females with an average age of(56.5 ± 10.5) years and duration of atrial fibrillation with (6.5 ± 4.8) years.45 patients had previous catheter ablation.The patients were followed up at postoperative 3 months,6 months,1 year and annually.Success of ablation was defined as sinus rhythm and no duration of ≥30 s for rapid atrial arrhythmias,including atrial fibrillation,atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia in 24 h Holter examination.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence.Results One patient converted to sternotomy due to bleeding on operation.All patients were successfully discharged.69 patients completed follow-up,with an average follow-up of(28 ± 18)months(3-60 months).The overall success rate was 73.9％,and the success rate without antiarrhythmic drug was 62.3％.Subgroup analysis showed that the success rate was 80％ when left atrial anterior and posterior diameter(LAD) ≤40 mm,and 57.9％ when LAD ＞ 40 mm (P =0.035).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LAD ＞40 mm was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation.Conclusion Video-assisted thoracoscopic bipolar radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,especially in patients with LAD≤40 mm.

Advances in biomimetic drug delivery systems based on platelet and platelet membrane / 中国药科大学学报

@#Platelet is an important component of human blood, which plays a key role in the physiological and pathological processes. Recently, novel drug delivery system based on platelet and platelet membrane bionics attracted much attention. Compared to the traditional drug carriers, platelet and platelet membrane-based biomimetic drug delivery system has great performances in biocompatibility, longer circulation and stronger ability of targeting. This review presented the features, classifications, drug-loading and applications of platelet and platelet membrane-based biomimetic drug delivery systems, promoting their development and application in the future.